Reconstructing the True Identity of Mary Magdalene
by James Admans
February 22, 2025
Mary Magdalene. Her name resonates through history as one of the most significant—but also one of the most misunderstood—figures in Christian history. Ask someone about her today, and you’ll likely hear a tangle of conflicting myths and identities. Was she a repentant sinner, a female leader of Jesus' movement, or perhaps even his wife?
To reclaim Mary Magdalene's legacy, we must sift through centuries of interpretation, patriarchy, and misinformation. What emerges is a powerful figure who broke barriers, challenged norms, and stood as a beacon of faith and leadership.
Who Was Mary Magdalene?
Mary Magdalene was a woman of strength, resilience, and leadership. Known as the Apostle to the Apostles, she was more than a disciple; she was Jesus' trusted companion, traveling with him during his ministry and standing by him during his crucifixion (John 19:25). She was also the first witness to his resurrection and the bearer of the good news to the other disciples (John 20:11-18).
Mary Magdalene preaching (artist unknown - if you know the artist, please contact me!
Significantly, Mary Magdalene is listed in Luke 8:1-3 as one of three women who financially supported Jesus’ ministry—a fact often overlooked in conversations about her role. Her ability to fund the movement points to her influence and independence.
Yet, this extraordinary woman faced resistance. The Gospel of Mary depicts a scene where Peter questions the legitimacy of her teachings, scoffing at the idea of Jesus favoring her over his male disciples. Levi, however, defends her, saying, “Surely the Savior knows her very well. That is why He loved her more than us” (Mary 9:8-9).
Mary Magdalene was a leader, a teacher, and an equal with a firm grasp of Jesus' teachings—a role that challenged both cultural norms and the institutional church.
Was Mary Magdalene Jesus’ Wife?
One persistent theory popularized by The Da Vinci Code is that Mary Magdalene was Jesus’ wife. But historical evidence doesn’t support this.
The non-canonical Gospel of Philip refers to Mary Magdalene as Jesus’ koinōnos—a term that translates to partner, associate, or companion. While intriguing, the term does not necessarily imply a spousal relationship, and the text is too ambiguous to draw definitive conclusions.
It’s true that the Gospel of Philip references Jesus kissing Mary Magdalene, which has fueled speculation about their romantic involvement. However, scholars like Elaine Pagels and Karen King argue that the kissing could symbolize teaching or a personal reception of the Word, rather than romantic affection.
What’s more important is recognizing the false binary often assigned to these discussions. Mary Magdalene doesn't need to be reduced to either a mere disciple or Jesus’ wife; instead, she can be appreciated as a leader, teacher, and spiritual partner—roles often undervalued in historical accounts.
Was Mary Magdalene a Reformed Sex Worker?
The idea that she was a reformed sex worker comes from Pope Gregory I, who, in 591, conflated Mary Magdalene with Mary of Bethany and the unnamed “sinful woman” who anointed Jesus' feet (Luke 7:36-50). This effectively rewrote her legacy, casting her as a symbol of repentance rather than leadership.
There is no biblical evidence to suggest that Mary Magdalene was a sex worker. The Gospels of Mark and Luke both mention that Jesus exorcised seven demons from her, but these "demons" were likely a metaphor for illness.
While the Vatican officially corrected this mischaracterization in 1969, the myth is deeply ingrained in popular imagination. It's a stark example of how patriarchal narratives have been weaponized to undermine women’s leadership in the church.
Mary Magdalene Icon by Robert Lentz on Fine Art America.
Mary Magdalene and the Early Christian Movement
Mary Magdalene's prominence was not limited to her role during Jesus’ life. Early gnostic texts such as the Gospel of Mary and Gospel of Philip portray her as a spiritual leader who understood Jesus’ teachings in ways others did not.
It's worth noting that these gnostic communities were more egalitarian than the institutional church, a likely reason why Mary Magdalene plays a significant role within their texts. Her presence and leadership posed a threat to a early church centered on male authority, exemplified by Simon Peter.
Do you want to know more?
Subscribe to the G.L.A.M. Theology Hub for access to my research on Mary Magdalene.